Understanding Heartburn: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid irritates the esophagus, resulting in a burning sensation in the chest. This discomfort is often caused by relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acid to reflux back into the esophagus. Factors such as spicy, fatty, or fried foods, as well as caffeine and alcohol intake, can trigger this condition. Symptoms include a burning feeling below the chest, sour taste, sore throat, and cough, sometimes accompanied by shortness of breath or cold sweat.

Diagnosis may involve endoscopy, X-rays, or pH monitoring to assess esophageal health. Treatment options include antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole. Lifestyle modifications—such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding trigger foods, not eating late, and elevating the head during sleep—are crucial for managing symptoms. Refraining from smoking and avoiding tight clothing can also help prevent episodes.

Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist, as ongoing reflux may require further evaluation and targeted treatment. Making these adjustments can significantly reduce discomfort and improve quality of life.