Understanding Chronic Constipation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Chronic constipation involves infrequent bowel movements lasting weeks or more. Causes include blockages, muscle or nerve issues, hormonal imbalances, and diet. Diagnosis involves physical exams and specialized tests. Treatment combines dietary changes, medications, and sometimes surgery. Early medical advice ensures effective management and improves quality of life.

Chronic constipation is characterized by infrequent bowel movements, typically fewer than three times weekly, persisting for several weeks or more. It can stem from various underlying issues. Effective management requires identifying the root cause and adopting appropriate treatment strategies.

Signs of persistent constipation

Key indicators include:

Fewer than three bowel movements per week

Straining during defecation

Hard, difficult stools

Lower abdominal discomfort or pain

Feeling bloated

Rectal bleeding or fissures

Inability to fully evacuate bowels

If these symptoms last beyond a few weeks, seeking medical advice is recommended for suitable treatment options.

causes of chronic constipation

Various factors can contribute to this condition:

Blockages in the colon or rectum caused by tumors, fissures, or narrowings

Pelvic muscle dysfunction, including weakness or failure to relax

Hormonal imbalances from pregnancy, thyroid issues, or diabetes affecting fluid levels

Nerve disorders such as spinal injuries, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease disrupting bowel control

Prolonged use of certain medications like opioids, iron supplements, or antidepressants

Diet lacking fiber, excessive processed foods, prolonged inactivity, or high stress levels

Age-related changes, dehydration, or eating disorders

Proper diagnosis is essential for targeted treatment. Self-medication or laxatives without medical guidance can worsen the condition.

Diagnosing chronic constipation

Various tests help confirm the diagnosis:

Physical examination of the abdomen and rectum

Blood tests for hormonal issues

Colonoscopy to examine the large intestine for abnormalities

Sigmoidoscopy for rectal and lower colon assessment

Defecography and MRI defecography to evaluate muscle function

Anal manometry to measure sphincter muscle strength

Balloon expulsion test to assess stool passage efficiency

Treatment options for chronic constipation

Effective management involves lifestyle, dietary, and medical approaches:

Increasing dietary fiber intake through whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

Engaging in regular physical activity to promote healthy bowel movements

Using prescribed laxatives, stool softeners, or osmotic agents as needed

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be considered

Though rarely life-threatening, untreated constipation can cause discomfort. With proper medical care, long-term relief is achievable.