Understanding Arthritis: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

Arthritis encompasses a range of joint disorders characterized by pain, swelling, and stiffness. It is a primary cause of disability, particularly in the United States. While often associated with middle age, arthritis can also affect children due to causes such as injuries, gout, or immune problems. Symptoms include joint swelling, stiffness, pain, and limited movement, which may fluctuate or worsen over time. Some forms can also impact organs like the eyes, kidneys, and skin.

There are four main categories: degenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious arthritis.

Degenerative Arthritis: Also known as osteoarthritis, it results from cartilage wear or injury, causing bones to rub together, leading to swelling and pain. Weakening of the joint can cause instability. Commonly triggered by ligament tears, relief strategies include hot/cold therapy, healthy activity, and anti-inflammatory medications.

Inflammatory Arthritis:

Metabolic Arthritis: Elevated uric acid levels lead to crystal formation in joints, resulting in gout. Managing uric acid levels through diet and medication is crucial to prevent joint damage and chronic pain.

Infectious Arthritis: Bacteria or viruses infect joints, often due to foodborne illnesses or STDs, leading to inflammation. Antibiotics are typically effective, though chronic cases may occur.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Medical evaluation involves family history, scans, and tests, often managed by a rheumatologist. If medications and therapies fail, surgery like joint replacement may be considered. Alternative therapies are available if conventional methods are insufficient.