Comprehensive Guide to HIV: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that impairs the immune system by targeting key cells like CD4 T lymphocytes. This weakening reduces the body's ability to fight infections, making individuals vulnerable to other diseases. Although HIV is a lifelong condition, if left untreated, it can progress to AIDS, which can be fatal due to severe immune depletion. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

HIV transmission primarily occurs through unprotected sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles during injections, blood transfusions with unsterilized equipment, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Recognizing symptoms is vital; early signs include flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, swollen glands, and rashes. Advanced stages may cause significant weight loss, persistent diarrhea, neurological issues, and increased risk of cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma.

While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the virus, enabling individuals to live healthier lives. Regular medication adherence, healthy lifestyle choices, and vaccinations against preventable illnesses like influenza, hepatitis, and measles are essential. Complementary therapies like yoga, acupuncture, and naturopathy can support mental health and overall well-being.

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