Understanding Treatment Strategies for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Blood cancer, primarily affecting the bone marrow, leads to the excessive production of abnormal white blood cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a specific type of leukemia that begins in the bone marrow's blood-forming cells and gradually spreads to the bloodstream, potentially reaching other organs over time.

CML originates from myeloid stem cells, transforming into myelocytes and advancing slowly. Occasionally, this chronic form may progress into acute leukemia, requiring prompt treatment.

One distinctive feature of CML is the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome—a genetic abnormality that promotes leukemia cell growth. Managing CML involves a team of specialists, including doctors, oncologists, radiologists, counselors, and dietitians, who guide patients and families through treatment options, medication interactions, and side effects.

Treatment options encompass targeted therapies such as oral or injectable chemotherapy, biological drugs that enhance immune response, localized radiation, and stem cell transplants from compatible donors for suitable candidates.

In cases of leukostasis, where overwhelmed blood circulation occurs due to high leukemia cell counts, leukapheresis may be performed to remove excess cells. For recurrent CML, kinase inhibitors offer a specific targeted approach. Treatment plans are personalized based on patient age, disease stage, overall health, donor match availability, clinical trial options, and necessity of intervention.