Understanding Liver Cancer: Causes, Signs, Diagnostics, Treatments, and Prevention Strategies

The liver is the body's largest internal organ, essential for detoxification and nutrient processing. In humans, liver cancer affects roughly 30 out of every 100,000 individuals. It mainly manifests as primary liver cancer originating within the liver or as metastasis from cancers elsewhere. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form affecting humans, while other variations are rare.

Causes
Liver health is vital for filtering toxins and absorbing nutrients. Factors contributing to liver cancer include genetic issues, excessive alcohol intake, cirrhosis, hepatitis B and C infections, and iron overload disorders like hemochromatosis. Obesity and exposure to toxic chemicals, including those found in contaminated foods such as peanuts and soybeans, are also linked to increased risks.

Liver cancer prevalence varies based on factors such as gender, ethnicity, and lifestyle. Men are more commonly diagnosed than women. Obesity significantly raises risk levels, and Asian-American populations are noted to have higher incidences. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, liver swelling, easy bruising, nausea, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring alpha-fetoprotein levels, imaging scans like CT or MRI, and biopsy procedures to confirm malignancy. Liver cancer stages range from localized tumors to widespread metastasis, guiding treatment options. Surgical removal or liver transplants are viable cures in early stages, while chemotherapy and radiotherapy help manage advanced cases. Preventive measures include avoiding shared needles, using sterile equipment for tattoos and piercings, and moderating alcohol consumption. Protecting liver health is critical to reducing risk.