Deciphering the Mathematical Practices of the Aztecs
Discover how the Aztecs used symbolic numerals and geometric formulas to perform land measurements and calculations. Their unique system involved symbols like arrows, hearts, and pouches, emphasizing counting by volume and number. Explore their measurement units, counting glyphs, and survey methods that reveal advanced mathematical knowledge in ancient Mesoamerica.
The Aztecs employed a sophisticated numerical system using symbolic representations. When estimating land for taxation or tribute, they used symbols like arrows, hearts, and hands to signify fractions and measurements, as revealed by recent research. For example, an arrow represented half of their standard land measurement, the tlalquahuitl or land rod. A plot measuring 20 land rods by 10.5 land rods was calculated as 20 multiplied by 10.5, totaling 210 units.
These units, such as arrows and hearts, were unbreakable measurements, possibly representing specific body parts or tools. Surveyors applied at least five formulas to determine areas of irregular plots, often averaging sides or dividing fields into triangles. Symbols also denoted numerical values, like a feather for 400 or a pouch for 8,000, with their counting system based on dots, flags, and glyphs in Nahuatl. The Aztecs relied on counting by volume and number rather than weight for their tributes.
This article explores the ancient Aztec methods of calculation and measurement, shedding light on their unique numerical system and land survey techniques that reflect their advanced understanding of math and tribute management.
