Comprehensive Guide to Managing Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Currently, there is no cure for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, but symptoms can be managed, and disease progression slowed. Treatment plans are tailored based on individual symptoms and flares, determined through detailed consultation with healthcare providers. Common medications include NSAIDs to reduce inflammation, pain, and fever, though they carry risks like stomach bleeding, kidney issues, and cardiovascular problems. Antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine can be beneficial, with side effects such as stomach upset and rare retinal damage.

Corticosteroids such as Prednisone effectively reduce inflammation but may cause significant side effects like skin and bone thinning, hypertension, diabetes, and increased infection risks, limiting their long-term use. Since lupus involves an overactive immune system, immunosuppressants like azathioprine, mycophenolate, and methotrexate are common options; these may increase infection risk, cause liver damage, reduce fertility, and elevate cancer risk. Recently, Belimumab—FDA approved—has shown promise, with other drugs like Rituximab and newer agents being studied. In rheumatoid arthritis, NSAIDs and corticosteroids help control joint swelling, but they come with side effects. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine are used to slow disease progression. Biologic agents like abatacept, adalimumab, infliximab, and others target specific immune pathways to reduce inflammation and joint damage, though they pose increased infection risks. Combining these biologics with traditional DMARDs enhances their effectiveness.