Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Arthritis involves joint inflammation and includes around 200 different conditions. The most prevalent types are osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Rheumatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis typically results from prolonged joint stress leading to wear and tear. Rheumatic arthritis is caused by bacterial infections like Streptococci, often affecting children and impacting both joints and the heart. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, causing inflammation and joint damage. The exact reasons remain unclear, but genetics and environmental factors play key roles.

In RA, an overactive immune response targets synovial tissues lining the joints, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Recent studies suggest genetic susceptibility alongside environmental influences such as smoking, chronic infections, or exposure to silica particles increase risk. RA commonly affects symmetrical joints—if one joint is affected, the corresponding joint on the opposite side is also likely to be involved. Diagnosis involves patient history, physical exams, blood tests like Rheumatoid factor, anti–citrullinated protein antibody, and imaging techniques. Although there’s no cure, treatments aim to manage symptoms and slow disease progression using medications such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs like methotrexate and biologics like JAK inhibitors.

Lifestyle modifications and home remedies can provide additional relief. Consuming omega-3 fatty acids from fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, and using turmeric’s anti-inflammatory properties, may help reduce symptoms. A diet rich in fiber from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, along with antioxidants like vitamins C, A, E, selenium, and flavonoid-rich foods, can support health. Gentle exercises like swimming, yoga, and stretching help strengthen muscles around affected joints, improve flexibility, and enhance overall mobility. With proper management, individuals with RA can enjoy a functional and socially active life.