Understanding the Causes and Symptoms of Colitis

Colitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lining of the colon, also known as the large intestine. It can be triggered by infections, allergies, or other factors. Those affected often experience abdominal discomfort or pain, which can range from mild to intense and may persist over time.

Common symptoms include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and sometimes blood in the stool. Additional signs may involve fever, fatigue, skin or eye inflammation, dehydration, joint swelling, and sores in the mouth.

Various factors contribute to colitis. Infection-related colitis, caused by bacteria like E.coli, Salmonella, and parasites such as giardia, often results from contaminated water or food. Pseudomembranous colitis, linked to Clostridium difficile bacteria, commonly occurs after antibiotic use or hospitalization. Ischemic colitis results from reduced blood flow due to narrowed arteries or blood clots. Inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, involve immune system attacks or widespread inflammation. Other types include microscopic colitis, triggered by lymphocyte or collagen build-up, chemical irritation, or medication side effects. Persistent diarrhea warrants prompt medical consultation, as different causes require tailored treatments.