Treating Advanced Melanoma: Current Strategies and Advances

Managing metastatic melanoma presents significant challenges, yet multiple treatment options are available. The approach depends on how extensively the cancer has spread and the patient’s overall health. The primary aim is to reduce or halt tumor growth at affected sites, preventing further dissemination.

Common treatments include radiation and chemotherapy. Recent developments involve combination therapies and innovative drugs designed to offer effective treatment with fewer side effects, prioritizing patient comfort.

Possible treatment options include
Surgical Intervention
Depending on tumor location and severity, surgery might involve removing the entire affected organ, aiming to improve survival rates and reduce symptoms.

Chemotherapy
An established treatment, chemotherapy involves administering drugs through injections or topical forms to inhibit rapid cancer cell division. Side effects may include hair loss, fatigue, and collateral damage to healthy cells, but these symptoms typically diminish post-treatment.

Radiation Therapy
High-energy X-rays target cancer cells to destroy tumors and slow progression. While effective, radiation can cause skin burns at treatment sites. External radiotherapy is most common, whereas internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) is used for cancers in sensitive areas like the pelvis, with radioactive materials placed directly into or near the tumor.

Immunotherapy
A recent advancement, immunotherapy boosts the immune system's ability to fight cancer. Administered intravenously or in high doses, it can effectively shrink tumors and extend survival while potentially causing some significant side effects.