Understanding Multiple Myeloma: Symptoms and Treatment Approaches

Multiple myeloma is a rare blood cancer that primarily affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. It is considered a form of leukemia and requires complex treatment strategies. In this article, we'll explore what multiple myeloma is, its symptoms, causes, and available treatments.

What is Multiple Myeloma: Normally, our blood contains different types of blood cells, including white and red blood cells. When abnormal growth occurs in plasma cells, it results in multiple myeloma, disrupting normal blood functions.

In multiple myeloma, malignant plasma cells release excessive immunoglobulins, damaging vital organs and affecting skin and bones. This proliferation crowding out healthy blood cells leads to increased infection risks and other complications.

Causes: The precise reason behind multiple myeloma remains unknown. However, it commonly affects individuals over 65, particularly certain ethnic groups or those with a family history. People with existing plasma cell disorders are also at higher risk.

Symptoms: Early stages often show subtle symptoms like fatigue, weakness, bone or joint pain, and loss of appetite. These can be mistaken for minor ailments, delaying diagnosis. As the disease progresses, it can cause weight loss, frequent infections, and organ damage.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Blood tests such as complete blood count (CBC), calcium levels, and protein testing help identify the disease. Treatment options include stem cell transplants, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Banking stem cells is also recommended for future treatment considerations.