Understanding Bladder Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Bladder prolapse, commonly called cystocele or a dropped bladder, occurs when the bladder protrudes into the vaginal canal in women. There are two main types: one results from stretching of the vaginal wall due to aging, menopause, or childbirth; the other involves displacement caused by weakened support tissues. Recognizing symptoms early can lead to effective management. This condition can cause urinary issues, discomfort, and impact daily activities. Learn about the signs, underlying causes, and available treatments to address bladder prolapse effectively.

Symptoms and Risks of Bladder Prolapse

When the bladder shifts from its normal position, it may feel like incomplete bladder emptying. Symptoms can include frequent urinary infections, urine leakage during physical activity or intimacy, pelvic pressure, and a sense of heaviness. In severe cases, a bulge may be visible through the vaginal opening. Such conditions can interfere with sexual activity and cause urinary retention, requiring medical attention.

The pelvic floor muscles, fascia, tendons, and connective tissues support the bladder and vagina. Over time, these structures can weaken or detach, leading to prolapse. Factors contributing to this include pregnancy, childbirth, menopause-related hormonal changes, chronic coughing, heavy lifting, obesity, previous hysterectomy, and congenital tissue weakness.

Approaches to Managing Bladder Prolapse

Preventive measures such as Kegel exercises, managing chronic cough, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking can reduce risk. Treatment options vary from conservative methods like pelvic floor strengthening exercises and use of a pessary device to surgical procedures that repair the vaginal support. Hormone therapy with vaginal estrogen may also be recommended under medical guidance. Consulting a healthcare provider is essential for personalized treatment planning.