Recognizing Lupus: Key Symptoms and Signs to Watch For

Lupus is an autoimmune disease with an unclear origin, but genetics are believed to play a significant role. However, environmental factors and triggers can also contribute to its development. The disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage across various organs. Commonly affected areas include joints, skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels.

Lupus presents differently in individuals, with symptoms varying widely. Though more common in women, anyone can develop it. Recognizing early signs is vital for prompt treatment. Below are some key symptoms to be aware of:

• Extreme fatigue
  Persistent exhaustion without apparent reason may indicate lupus. Factors like stress, medication, or other health conditions can contribute, but ongoing fatigue warrants medical evaluation.
• Unexplained fever
  A low-grade fever lasting for days without infection signs should prompt medical consultation. Temperatures between 98.5°F and 101°F are common in lupus flare-ups.
• Hair loss
  Thinning or patchy hair loss, often involving scalp, eyebrows, or beard, is typical. The damage occurs due to inflammation of the skin and scalp.
• Skin rashes and sensitivities
  A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks is characteristic. Sun sensitivity may cause red, flaky patches, especially on sun-exposed areas like face, arms, and neck.
• Nail and finger changes
  Discoloration, cracking, or reddish spots around nail beds can be signs of lupus. Changes in nail appearance should be evaluated by a doctor.
• Joint discomfort
  Persistent joint pain and swelling, affecting both sides of the body, might occur. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, lupus joint pain tends to be intermittent and less destructive.
• Digestive disturbances
  Mouth ulcers, heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and gastrointestinal issues like nausea, diarrhea, or colon ulcers may be related to lupus inflammation.
• Neurological symptoms
  Some individuals experience memory loss, headaches, seizures, mood swings, or dizziness when lupus affects the nervous system. Vision problems like dry eyes and burning sensations are also reported.
• Respiratory problems
  Lung and chest wall inflammation can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and reduced lung capacity over time.

If these symptoms persist, consulting a healthcare provider is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment aimed at minimizing organ damage and managing flare-ups.