Understanding Advanced Melanoma: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Melanoma is considered the most aggressive form of skin cancer, originating from mutations often caused by UV exposure. Typically appearing as dark or brown moles, early detection is crucial for successful treatment. When melanoma reaches stage four, it has advanced beyond the lymph nodes and may spread to organs like the lungs, liver, bones, brain, and stomach. Changes in the appearance or texture of moles, such as thickening or skin breaks, can be signs of progression. Accurate diagnosis involves blood tests, ultrasound scans, and biopsies.

Self-checks are vital for early detection. Use the ABCDE guide: A for Asymmetry, B for Border irregularity, C for Color variation, D for Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and E for Evolution in shape or size. Treatment depends on tumor location, spread, patient health, symptoms, and response to previous therapies. Main options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted drugs tailored to genetic mutations. Clinical trials are also available for inoperable cases.