Leading Causes of HIV Transmission
This article outlines the primary modes of HIV transmission, including unprotected sex, needle sharing, mother-to-child transfer, accidental exposures, and blood transfusions. Understanding these causes helps in adopting effective prevention measures. The content emphasizes safe practices and the importance of proper screening and protective protocols to reduce the risk of HIV infection across various scenarios.
Leading Causes of HIV Transmission
HIV spreads through contact with bodily fluids from an infected individual. The virus requires a living host to survive and cannot persist outside the body. It transfers mainly via specific bodily exchanges, regardless of visible symptoms. Understanding how HIV spreads is crucial for prevention. Below are the primary methods of transmission.
Unprotected Sexual Activity
The most common way HIV spreads is through unprotected sexual encounters. Data indicates that approximately 95% of cases result from sexual transmission, particularly through unprotected anal and vaginal sex.
Needle Sharing
Sharing needles or syringes for injections can transmit HIV if contaminated blood remains within. When an infected person uses a syringe, traces of blood may remain, and sharing it without proper sterilization can infect others as the virus enters the bloodstream.
Maternal Transmission
A mother living with HIV can pass the virus to her baby during pregnancy through the umbilical cord, or after birth via breastfeeding with infected milk. Precautions during pregnancy and breastfeeding can reduce this risk.
Accidental Exposure
Healthcare workers handling blood are at risk of accidental needle sticks, which can transmit HIV if the needle is contaminated. Proper protective measures are essential to prevent such incidences.
Blood Transfusions
If blood donors are not properly screened, HIV-infected blood can be transfused to patients, leading to infection. Rigorous testing of blood supplies is vital for safety.
