Comprehensive Guide to Managing Tongue Cancer

Tongue cancer is a type of oral malignancy originating in the front two-thirds of the tongue. It differs from cancers that develop in the posterior part of the tongue, which are classified separately within head and neck cancers. Most cases develop from squamous cells lining the tongue.

Similar to other cancers, uncontrolled cell growth leads to tumor formation. While less common overall, tongue cancer predominantly affects adults and is rare in children. Reviewing clinical images can help recognize key symptoms and signs of this condition.

Below is an overview of available treatment options for tongue cancer.

How is tongue cancer diagnosed?

• A specialist begins with a thorough review of the patient's medical history.
• The doctor assesses factors like family or personal history of cancer, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, and HPV infection status.
• Physical examination of the mouth is conducted to look for ulcers, lumps, or persistent sores.
• Nearby lymph nodes are also examined for swelling or abnormal growths.
• If suspicious, a biopsy of the lesion is performed to confirm diagnosis.

• Common biopsy methods include incisional biopsy, where a small tissue portion is removed under local anesthesia, and brush biopsy which involves rolling a tiny brush over the lesion to gather cells.
• Samples are sent for laboratory analysis to identify malignant cells.
• If diagnosed, imaging techniques like CT scans or MRIs help determine tumor stage and spread.

Surgical interventions for tongue cancer

• In early-stage cases, surgery to remove the tumor is often effective.
• If cancer spreads to neck lymph nodes, removal of affected nodes may be necessary.
• Postoperative outcomes vary; small tumors may leave minimal scarring, whereas larger tumors may impact speech and swallowing.

Radiation therapy as a treatment option

• Radiation uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells, inhibiting tumor growth.
• Advanced radiation techniques allow higher doses with reduced side effects, often administered daily over several weeks.

Chemotherapy approaches for tongue cancer

• Often combined with radiation, chemotherapy aims to eliminate residual cancer cells, especially when the disease has spread.
• Different medications may be used together to attack cancer at various growth stages, reducing resistance.
• Chemotherapy can be recommended post-surgery to lower recurrence risk or to control symptoms when the tumor is inoperable.

Preventative measures for tongue cancer

• Cease smoking and avoid smokeless tobacco.
• Limit or abstain from alcohol consumption.
• Maintain good oral hygiene and regular dental care.
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and leafy greens.
• Ensure vaccination against HPV as advised.