Treatment Options for Advanced Prostate Cancer

Stage IV or metastatic prostate cancer, while not curable, can be managed effectively with various treatments. Common approaches include hormone therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and supportive measures. These therapies aim to control disease progression and improve quality of life over several years.

Hormone Therapy
This treatment works by reducing male hormone levels, which prostate cancer cells rely on for growth. Methods include orchiectomy, which is surgical removal of testicles, or medications like LHRH analogues, often combined with anti-androgens to suppress hormone production.

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves drugs that travel through the bloodstream to target cancer cells throughout the body, including distant sites. Although effective, traditional chemotherapy can cause side effects like hair loss, immune suppression, and nausea. Recent developments include targeted therapies with fewer adverse effects, aiming to preserve healthy cells.

Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy enhances the body's immune system to combat cancer. Techniques involve agents like monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, interferons, and cancer vaccines, which promote the immune system’s ability to identify and destroy cancer cells.

Treating Bone Spread
Advanced prostate cancer often spreads to bones, causing pain, fractures, and increased calcium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. Treatments include medications and radiation therapy to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

Radiation Therapy
High-energy radiation directed at affected bones helps relieve pain and control disease spread in bone metastases, improving patient comfort.