Comprehensive Overview of Parkinson's Disease Progression and Stages

Parkinson's disease, commonly called PD, is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. It results from the gradual loss of nerve cells in the brain's substantia nigra, leading to decreased dopamine production. This chemical imbalance causes motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and slowed movement, which intensify over time. The exact cause remains unknown, though genetics and environmental factors like toxins and head injuries contribute risk. Symptoms vary among individuals and can include sleep disturbances, mood disorders, and gastrointestinal issues. Parkinson's progresses through three main stages: mild, moderate, and advanced, each with increasing severity of symptoms. Treatment options focus on managing symptoms through medications, therapy, and sometimes surgery, but no cure exists. Early diagnosis and ongoing management are key to improving quality of life.