Managing Ulcerative Colitis: Symptoms and Treatment Strategies

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the large intestine, primarily starting in the rectum and spreading through the colon. It causes symptoms such as painful bowel movements, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea. The condition features periods of active flare-ups and remission phases. Although the exact cause remains uncertain, infections from certain bacteria and viruses are believed to contribute to inflammation. Recognizing symptoms like blood in stool, dehydration, and abdominal discomfort is crucial for diagnosis. Tests like colonoscopy, stool analysis, and imaging help confirm the condition.

Effective management includes staying well-hydrated, reducing stress, eating light foods during flare-ups, and adhering to prescribed medications. Avoiding alcohol, exercising regularly, and incorporating probiotic-rich foods can support gut health. In severe cases where other treatments fail, surgical options such as colectomy and ileal pouch procedures may be considered. These procedures remove affected parts of the colon and rectum, with external or internal waste management devices.