Top 5 Causes of Colitis and How to Recognize Them
Learn about the top five causes of colitis, including infections, ischemia, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and microscopic colitis. This overview helps in understanding symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of prompt medical attention for effective treatment and management of colitis.
Top 5 Causes of Colitis and How to Recognize Them
Colitis refers to inflammation in the colon, leading to discomfort and various symptoms. Its severity can vary from mild to severe, with common signs including constipation, abdominal cramps, frequent bowel movements, and diarrhea—sometimes bloodstained. Prompt medical attention is crucial if these symptoms appear. Several underlying causes contribute to colitis, each requiring specific treatment. Types like microscopic colitis, infectious colitis, ischemic colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis are among the most prevalent causes.
- Infections – Bacteria, viruses, or parasites infecting the colon or other organs can cause colitis. Consuming contaminated food may lead to symptoms like watery diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, and pain. These infections may also spread toxins affecting other parts of the body.
- Ischemic – Reduced blood flow to the colon due to narrowed arteries or blockages causes inflammation. Symptoms include diarrhea, pain, and fever. Factors such as aging, high blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes increase risk. Blood clots or physical obstructions can also compromise oxygen delivery, leading to ischemic colitis.
- Ulcerative – This type starts in the rectum and spreads through the colon, causing abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Immediate medical attention is advised for symptoms.
- Crohn’s Disease – This autoimmune disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon, stomach, and small intestine. It features skipped lesions with healthy segments between inflamed areas and may also involve other organs.
- Microscopic Colitis – Comprising collagenous and lymphocytic types, this form involves infiltration of immune cells in the colon layers, leading to watery diarrhea without blood. It may be autoimmune and is relatively rare.
