Understanding the Causes and Triggers of Migraines

Severe migraines can bring about symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, heightened sensitivity to sounds and smells, light sensitivity, and visual disturbances. While occasional migraines typically resolve within a day or two, chronic migraines may persist for 15 to 20 days consecutively. The exact origins of chronic migraines remain elusive, despite ongoing research. Leading theories suggest issues like central nervous system abnormalities, vascular irregularities, genetic factors, and chemical imbalances in the brain and nerves. Identifying and avoiding personal migraine triggers is key to management.

Common triggers include specific foods such as processed meats, cheeses, and those containing artificial sweeteners or high salt. Alcohol, caffeine, and skipping meals can also provoke attacks. Sensory stimuli like bright lights, strong odours, and loud noises are common triggers. Hormonal fluctuations in women during periods, pregnancy, or menopause often cause migraines. Certain medications, including contraceptives, may worsen symptoms. Stress—mental or physical—as well as irregular sleep patterns and weather changes, also contribute. Understanding these factors can help prevent migraine episodes.

Additional elements such as rigorous physical activity, hormonal treatments, and environmental changes can heighten migraine risk. Genetics play a significant role, with a family history increasing susceptibility. Although migraines often begin during adolescence, they tend to lessen after age 30, but exceptions exist. Females are more vulnerable post-puberty. Proper management involves awareness of individual triggers and lifestyle modifications to reduce attack frequency and severity.