Understanding Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Eczema is a common skin condition characterized by inflammation and irritation. In the United States, roughly 10-20% of infants and 3% of adults are affected. Most children outgrow eczema by age 10, though some experience persistent flare-ups. The most prevalent form is atopic dermatitis, which is often linked to hereditary allergies like asthma and hay fever.

Causes of Eczema

The exact cause remains unknown, but it is believed to involve an overactive immune response to triggers. Contributing factors include a compromised skin barrier that loses moisture easily, genetic predispositions, stress, contact with irritants, and certain infections.

Signs and Symptoms

Common indicators include itchy, red, dry, and rough skin. Rashes frequently appear on the face, hands, feet, or behind knees. Lighter skin tones may show redness before darkening, while darker skin may result in pigmentation changes, making affected areas lighter or darker than surrounding skin.

Treatment Methods

While eczema has no cure, symptom control is achievable through appropriate medication and skin care. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized treatment. Typical approaches include anti-itch creams, corticosteroids, moisturizers, and antibiotics for secondary infections caused by scratching. Maintaining healthy skin with regular bathing and moisturization, avoiding irritants, and wearing loose clothing can prevent flare-ups.