Understanding Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Causes, Symptoms, and Risks

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), commonly known as an enlarged prostate, is a non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland. This condition can significantly disrupt urinary function in men. Although the exact cause remains unclear, BPH is generally linked to aging, hormonal changes, and cellular growth alterations.

What causes BPH?
It involves the increase in size of prostatic epithelial and stromal tissues, leading to the development of sizable nodules within the prostate's transitional zone.

As these nodules grow, they encroach upon the urethra, narrowing the passage and increasing urinary resistance. This results in the bladder working harder to expel urine, which may cause bladder muscle enlargement or weakness. If untreated, BPH can lead to complications like bladder stones, recurrent infections, or kidney issues, including potential failure.

Symptoms associated with prostate enlargement include:

• Difficulty fully emptying the bladder
• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Straining to start or stop urination
• Weak urine flow
• Persistent sensation of incomplete bladder emptying

While mild symptoms might not require immediate treatment, severe cases can cause complete urinary blockage, leading to urinary retention, infections, or kidney damage.

Potential complications include acute urinary retention, characterized by sudden inability to urinate, swelling, severe abdominal pain, and urgency. Immediate medical attention is crucial. Urinary tract infections are also common in men over 50, presenting signs such as urgent and frequent urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and discomfort during urination. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is recommended.