Understanding Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Management

This article explores bacterial meningitis, highlighting its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and appropriate medical intervention for effective management of this life-threatening condition.

Bacterial meningitis is a serious, potentially deadly infection affecting the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Globally, untreated cases can be fatal, with an almost 100% mortality rate, while treatment reduces risks but may still face challenges. Over the past two decades, vaccination efforts have shifted the disease's demographic, making adults more susceptible in vaccinated regions. Common bacteria responsible include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Group B Streptococcus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Symptoms range from fever, headache, and neck stiffness to severe signs like seizures and altered consciousness. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and laboratory tests of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as cephalosporins and supportive care to manage complications. Early diagnosis and prompt therapy are crucial for better outcomes.