Understanding Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Key Facts and Concerns

This article provides an overview of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), discussing its development, stages, risk factors, and treatment options. It highlights recent advances in targeted therapies that have improved patient survival rates and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis. Suitable for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers, the content aims to increase awareness and understanding of this blood cancer. Regular updates and professional consultation are encouraged for personalized care strategies.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer marked by abnormal growth of white blood cells. It occurs when myeloid cells in the bone marrow proliferate uncontrollably, leading to an excess in the bloodstream. As a stem cell disorder, CML involves the buildup of mature neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 2001, treatment success has significantly improved, extending patient survival more effectively than traditional chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rate for adults now exceeds 70%, with ongoing advancements in targeted therapies.

Incidence in children is rising at about 5% annually, and the condition is more common in men, especially those over 65. Exposure to radiation, such as in radiation workers, scientists, or bombing survivors, is a known risk factor. CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. Most patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase, with mild symptoms like fatigue, localized pain, or joint discomfort. If untreated, the disease advances to the accelerated phase, characterized by changes in blood cell counts and proportions. The final phase, blast crisis, resembles acute leukemia, with severely compromised prognosis and limited treatment options. Early diagnosis and targeted therapies are critical for effective management.