Key Indicators and Manifestations of Multiple Myeloma

This article outlines the key symptoms of multiple myeloma, including bone pain, fractures, immune suppression, and kidney issues. Early recognition of these signs can aid in timely diagnosis and treatment of this blood cancer. Understanding these manifestations is vital for patients and healthcare providers to improve outcomes.

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer originating in the bone marrow, characterized by the rapid proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Recognizing its signs and symptoms is crucial for early detection. The most common indicator is persistent bone pain, especially in the back and ribs, often worsened by movement. Bone fractures and bone destruction are typical, with disease-caused overactive osteoclasts degrading bone tissue, leading to lytic lesions and increased calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Patients may also experience weakened immune responses, kidney impairment, and anemia, which causes fatigue and pallor. Prompt medical evaluation is essential for diagnosis and management.

Persistent bone pain and fractures

Bone destruction and lytic lesions

Increased blood calcium levels

Frequent infections due to immune suppression

Kidney dysfunction and failure

Development of anemia, leading to fatigue and pallor