Top 7 Causes of Migraine Pain and Triggers

May. 19,2025

Discover the top causes and common triggers of migraines. Understanding these factors can help in managing and preventing episodes. The article covers societal, dietary, hormonal, and environmental triggers associated with migraines, supported by current research. Learn how lifestyle adjustments may reduce migraine frequency and severity for susceptible individuals.

Top 7 Causes of Migraine Pain and Triggers

Top 7 Causes of Migraine Pain and Triggers

Migraines often bring symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light, and vomiting, lasting anywhere from several hours to multiple days. According to the National Headache Foundation, approximately 28 million Americans experience migraines, with women more frequently affected than men. The exact causes are still not fully understood. Historically, migraines were believed to start with artery spasms leading to reduced blood flow and an aura. Later research identified the role of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, forming the neurovascular theory, which explains migraine mechanisms more comprehensively.

Various triggers can precipitate migraines in susceptible individuals. These include smoking, certain foods such as chocolate, cheese, nuts, and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG), skipping meals, changes in sleep patterns, stress—whether emotional or physical—and hormonal fluctuations like those caused by birth control pills. Caffeine dependency or withdrawal can also trigger headaches. Additionally, weather changes, like shifting atmospheric pressure or altitude, may contribute to migraine onset. Recognizing these triggers can help manage and prevent migraine episodes effectively.