Understanding Cholesterol: Signs, Testing, Management, and Essential Info

What Is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy substance produced by your liver, vital for protecting nerve cells, building tissue, and creating hormones. Your diet also supplies cholesterol through foods like eggs, meats, and dairy. Excessive levels can negatively impact your health.

Difference Between 'Good' and 'Bad' Cholesterol

LDL, known as "bad" cholesterol, transports cholesterol to tissues. HDL, called "good" cholesterol, removes excess cholesterol from blood. High LDL levels increase heart disease risk, whereas high HDL provides protection.

High total cholesterol due to LDL raises health risks, while elevated HDL is beneficial. Triglycerides, another fat type, increase when calorie intake exceeds energy use. Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can regulate these levels.

Recommended Cholesterol Targets

Total cholesterol: below 200 mg/dL

LDL: less than 130 mg/dL

HDL: 60 mg/dL or higher

Triglycerides: under 150 mg/dL

Signs of High Cholesterol

Usually, high cholesterol shows no symptoms. It can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, causing narrowing or blockages, which may result in heart attacks or strokes. Often, these conditions are first detected after serious health events.

Causes of Elevated Cholesterol

Cholesterol levels are influenced by diet, genetics, weight, and activity. Consuming high-fat foods, being inactive, and genetics can raise levels. Smoking also reduces "good" HDL cholesterol, increasing cardiovascular risks.

How Is High Cholesterol Diagnosed?

A blood test is necessary to identify cholesterol issues. Those over 35 (men) or 45 (women), or with risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, or family history, should get screened regularly. Early detection helps prevent severe health problems.

Preventing High Cholesterol

Adopting a healthy diet—limiting saturated and trans fats and eating omega-3-rich foods—and engaging in regular physical activity can lower risk. Activities like walking, cycling, or yoga for at least 30 minutes daily support healthy cholesterol levels.

Managing High Cholesterol

Lifestyle modifications are primary treatments. Quitting smoking, exercising regularly, losing weight, and consuming a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, grains, and fish can significantly improve cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health.